Vacancy for BMS Faculties Full Time / Part Time / Visiting for the Academic year 2013-14.
|
 Dr. Pragya Shukla | [Dr. Pragya Shukla] | 64 Kb |
| Dr. Ila Ved | [Executive Summary] | 20 Kb |
| Dr. Harshada Rathod | [executive summary] | 80 Kb |
|
Friday, 07 September 2012 11:16 | Written by Administrator |
|  | 
NSS Special Camp from 18th to 24th Dec' 2012 at Masvan Village, Palghar, Thane Pl check this link for pictures of the camp- http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10151226367692912.469724.653432911&type=1
SEM-I and SEM-III Results Oct 2012
All the students are informed that Semester - I and III results will be declared on 26th Nov 2012 at 10:00 AM. Students are requested to come with their parents otherwise their results will not be given.
DR.BHANUBEN NANAVATI CAREER DEVELOPMENT CENTRE ANNOUNCES Certificate course in Learning Disability and Remediation course Duration - 20 sessions Twice a Week,starting from 16th october,2012 Contact No.26125941CHOCHOLATE MAKING ON 9TH OCT,12 CAKES MAKING ON 16TH OCT,12 DIWALI DEOCORATIVE ARTICLE WORKSHOP BY CHANDRIKA KAMATH ON 11TH OCT,12 HURRY UP!!TAKE ADMISSION AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE .SO YOU CAN TAKE ORDERS OR GIFT THE CHOCHOLATES AND DIWALI ARTICLES
A free Physiotherapy camp was organized by PHYSIOTHERAPY PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS’ GROUP INNER WHEEL CLUB OF BOMBAY AIRPORT & MANIBEN NANAVATI WOMEN’S COLLEGE On the occasion of World Physiotherapy Day On Saturday, 8th September 2012
The programme was inaugurated by Ms. Amita Timbadia, Dist Chairperson, IWC Dist 314, Ms. Himadri Nanavati, Management Member. Ms. Rajul Zaveri, President of IWC Bombay Airport also graced the occasion.
Dr. Urmila Kamath, Chairperson, Physiotherapy Private Practioners Group made a presentation on Pediatric Physiotherapy.
Dr. Snigdha Mehta, Jt. Secretary, Physiotherapy Private Practioners Group made a presentation on Care of the Back – Facts and Myths. Exercises for fitness with practical demonstration were conducted by the doctors and physiotherapist.
The total no. of participants were 116 which included Teaching Staff, Non teaching Staff, Parents and Community Members. TCLV Junior College, NSS and PTA helped in organizing the event.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH MICRO FINANCE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Major Research Project Funded by University Grants Commission, New Delhi
Principal Investigator - Dr. Harshada Rathod Principal, Maniben Nanavati Women’s College, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai - 400 056
July 2012 Women Empowerment: “The couple of words ‘Women Empowerment’ may be defined as a multidimensional social process that helps women in gaining control over their own lives. It fosters capacity in them, for use in their own lives, their community, and in their society by acting on issues that they define as important. It is multidimensional in the sense that it occurs within sociological, psychological, economic and other dimensions. It also occurs at various levels such as individual, group and community. It is a social process in the sense that it occurs in relationship to others.
The empowerment of women comprises of five components – women’s sense of self worth, their right to (i) have and determine choices, (ii) have access to opportunities and resources, (iii) have the power to control their own lives - both within and outside the home and their ability to influence the direction of social change to create more just social and economic order on national and international levels.
According to the Country Report of the Government of India presented at the ‘Fourth World Conference on Women’ at Beijing, “Empowerment means working from a position of enforced powerlessness to one of power. It would promote women’s inherent strength and positive self-image”.
Women empowerment is a multi-dimensional and interlinked process of change in power relations that oppress and subordinate women. These power relations are, Power within, Power to, Power with and Power over situations.
Empowerment recognizes women’s productive and reproductive labour, their equal right to work and own property, right to make decision within the family, work-place and community; equal access to knowledge, information and education and equal opportunities for the girl child. Empowerment in short indicates a change from a state of powerlessness to one that recognizes and empowers women to take greater control over their lives and resources.
In this background, Self Help Groups (SHGs) emerged as a powerful tool that aimed at empowering women and eradicating poverty in a sustainable manner. It was thought that women’s easy access to credit facilities and equal share in employment opportunities will ultimately lead to women empowerment. Micro Finance (MF) was considered as the main route to achieve women empowerment.
Micro Finance: MF as an effective credit delivery system seeks to achieve the broad-ranged and multi-faceted objectives of meeting the credit needs of the rural poor, including the non–bankable and landless labourers.
Self Help Group: SHG is a small voluntary association – an informal group - of 10-20 poor people, preferably from the same socio-economic strata of society. It provides conducive atmosphere for co-operation and group environment. The members come together for the purpose of solving their common problems through self-help and mutual help. The members pool savings and re-lend the money within the group on rotational basis or on need base. It has a cost-effective delivery mechanism to lend small credit to its members. They charge differential interest rates that is affordable (a little higher than that of the Banks but lower than that of the money lenders), varying from group to group and loan to loan.
SHGs are tools to promote rural savings and gainful employment. Through this the rural poverty is reduced considerably. Therefore, women members become economically independent and their contribution to household income also increases. Empowerment of Women through MF in India : The major organizations which promoted SHGs in the country are NABARD, SIDBI, SEWA, MYRADA, ADITHI, PRADAN and WWF. Organizations which are actively engaged in promoting SHGs and MF, though are SEWA Shakti and Swayam Sidha. These are two important projects aimed at socio-economic empowerment of women through promotion of Self Help Group-Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP) and development of income generating activities.
Status of Micro Finance in India: The concept of MF was introduced in India around 1970. The real impetus for its growth was provided by the Union Finance Minister in his Budget Speech by the announcement of Micro Finance Development Fund of Rs. 100 crore in the year 2000-01. The year 2005 was celebrated as ‘The Year of Micro Finance’.
Models of SHG-BLP: As suggested by NABARD, on the basis of models of formation, nurturing and credit linkage, SHGs can be basically categorized into three models. (1) SHGs formed and financed by banks - In this model, financing themselves nurture the SHGs. They organize the poor to form an SHG, train the members on record keeping, thrift management, credit etc. and also supervise the working of the group. Twenty per cent of SHGs in India were financed by this category. (2) In the second model, SHGs formed by formal agencies other than banks, but directly financed by banks, NGOs, Farmer’s Clubs (FCs), Individual Volunteers (IRVs) and formal agencies other than banks in the field of MF, act as facilitators. They facilitate organizing, forming and nurturing of groups and train them in thrift and credit management. Bank gives loan directly to these SHGs. This model continues to have the major share, with 72 per cent of the total SHGs financed. (3) SHGs financed by banks through NGOs and other agencies as financial intermediaries is the model wherein NGOs, SHG Federations etc. take on the additional role of financial intermediation - as link between bank branch and member of SHGs. In areas where the formal banking system faces constraints, the NGOs are encouraged to approach a suitable bank for bulk loan assistance. This, in turn, is used by the NGO for on–lending to the SHGs. NBFCs are also coming up to take on this role. The share of cumulative number of SHGs linked under this model up to March 2004 continued to be relatively small at eight per cent.
This distribution of SHG-BLP reveals that, SHGs formed by formal agencies other than banks, but directly financed by banks, is the most popular Model in India.
An Overview of MF under SHG-BLP Model shows that between 2007-08 and 2010-11 savings with banks increased from Rs. 3785 crore to Rs. 7016 crore by 2010-11. Bank loans disbursed to SHGs during this period rose from Rs. 8849 crore to Rs. 14548 crore – a rise of nearly 85 per cent. Bank loan outstanding with SHGs were higher than other two indicators namely savings with banks and bank loans disbursed during this period. The total loan outstanding of SHGs already credit linked as on 31.3.2011 was Rs. 31221 crore.
Given the comprehensive nature of the impact assessment of women promoted SHG-BLP, the study is based in the state of Maharashtra, which is a growing state in MF (Ranked 9th among all India i.e. out of 30 states).
SHGs in Maharashtra: Maharashtra Government’s policy revealed that it has been pro-active in promoting policies for women’s development and empowerment. To implement the concept of Women Empowerment the MAVIN was founded in 1975 by the Government of Maharashtra. Since the introduction of SHG-BLP, it has emerged as the largest MF outreach programme in our country.
SHGs in Maharashtra have mainly been promoted by the DRDAs and their contracted NGOs and Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal – the State Women’s Development Corporation. According to NABARD data (2010), as of 31st March 2010, 3,84,765 SHGs in the state have availed of Rs. 1203 crore of credit while there were 7,70,695 SHGs that had savings to the tune of Rs. 568 crore with the banks. It is interesting to note 65 per cent of SHGs promoted in Maharashtra were women’s SHGs as of 31st March, 2010.
MF profile of Thane district: As on 31 March 2010, 8,209 SHGs (excluding SGSY groups) have been linked with the banking sector in the district, of these 1,895 groups were linked during the year 2009-10 with bank loan of Rs. 470 lakh. Repeat finance was provided to 533 SHGs to the tune of Rs. 361 lakh during the year 2009-10.
Profile of SHG financing in Thane district and prospect for 2011-12 reveal that additional 2500 SHGs need to be set up and for that strategy and action plan is already in operation.
Objectives of the Study: The overall objective of the study is to assess the impact of SHG-BLP. The others are to evaluate the impact of MF on women promoted SHGs and to review the socio-economic impact of the members of the women promoted SHGs.
The specific objectives of the study are (1) to learn about the awareness of MF among the women employees of SHGs, (2) to understand the socio-economic profile of the respondents with respect to women’s shift from given economic status to an acquired economic status under the assistance of the MF scheme, (3) to assess the extent of capacity building/training needs of women’s SHGs and assess the leadership qualities of the members to undertake higher income generating activities, (4) to evaluate the changes in savings and borrowings pattern among the SHG members due to their association with SHGs, (5) to estimate the impact of SHGs on poverty reduction, consumption pattern, income and employment generation among the sample respondents, (6) to identify and analyze the existing credit flow gaps and the reasons thereof for the sample target group, (7) to find out the procedural hazards and other limitations being faced, by the existing and prospective women beneficiaries, in assessing the SHG–BLP, to gain economic self reliance, (8) to suggest steps, measures and changes required for making the SHG programme more viable and sustainable.
Significance of the study: Women are an important part in the development, from local to global levels. Economic independence and education of women will go a long way in attaining self reliance of women. Experience, awareness, education, competence, willingness, confidence, self motivation, encouragement from family and society contribute to the empowerment of women. SHGs having better performance, will not only provide financial services in terms of augmenting savings, lending and ensuring loan recovery, but also in terms of awareness creation and empowerment. It will also lead to the development of human resources and management skills, leadership and motivation. SHG-BLP will help the women promoter of SHGs to achieve social rights. Women will be able to face problems on health and financial crisis and achieve improvements in terms of family disputes. The SHG-BLP will generate a significant change in the borrowing habits of households.
Plan of Study: At the planning stage, specific objectives have been set to provide the basis for the enquiry. In the light of the objectives, the scope of the study has been delineated and techniques of investigation to be adopted and tools to be used have been decided.
Area of Study: Thane district is divided into 15 talukas, such as, Dahanu, Jawahar, Vikramgad, Makhada, Ambernath, Vada, Palghar, Murbad, Bhiwandi, Shahpur etc. The sample was chosen, specifically from Vada and Bhiwandi talukas of Thane district for the following reasons:
Research Design: The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Secondary data was collected from extensive review of literature, relevant articles, reports, publications of the RBI, NABARD, Thane District Co-operative Bank records, research reports, case studies from various MFIs and NGOs and the internet.
Sample Selection: A pilot survey was undertaken, in March 2011, to test the questionnaires, in the villages of Jawahar and Kalyan. Accordingly the questionnaires were modified to rectify errors. Primary data was collected between April and July 2011, from the two talukas of Vada and Bhiwandi in Thane district in North Maharashtra.
Due to the homogenous nature of population in the simple, random sampling was used. A list was compiled of the existing women SHGs according to Thane District Co-operative Bank up to March 2011.
The questionnaires were administered by the local investigators i.e. Sahoyginis of MAVIM under the supervision of project fellow. In many cases data was collected from respondents at their work place, such as, vegetable garden, nursery, poultry, kerosene shop, vermiculture compost pits, etc.
Project fellows had very warm experiences during data collection that include being treated to a glass of fresh milk from the dairy, delicious black tea and very warm welcome from the villagers, who were already warmed up to the concept of SHGs. They enthusiastically narrated their positive experiences and also certain problems faced, after overcoming the initial awkwardness. This reflected the confidence gained by participating in the meetings of the SHGs.
Hypothesis that were tested are (1) There is no significant relationship between caste and education. (2) There is no significant relationship between present savings and present bank balance. (3) There is no significant relationship between decision making and who is spending in the family. (4) There is significant relationship between age and education for the respondents. (5) There is significant relationship between type of family and decision making.
Statistical Tools used: The following statistical tools have been used in the present study. Percentage: Simple comparisons have been made on the basis of percentage. Mean: Mean has been obtained by dividing the total score by the number of respondents. Standard Deviation: This has been used for classification of the respondents into different categories. This has been obtained by the square root of the average of the square deviation from mean. Chi-square Test: Average score analysis and Average Rank analysis are the statistical tools that have been used to identify the attitude and satisfaction level of the SHG members.
Limitations of the study: The study is based on the information provided by the SHGs in Vada and Bhiwandi, the results may vary from that of other villages / blocks. The influence due to the vicinity to urban areas and its exposure and casual earning opportunities in Thane district may vary with the result from other districts. The report has been prepared on the basis of data collected from the field and published secondary data. It is very difficult to reach the remote villages due to infrastructural bottlenecks. Therefore, no data could be collected from the SHGs in that area. The RBI through NABARD introduced a pilot project in 1992 for purveying micro credit to the rural poor by linking SHGs with CBs, Co-op. banks and RRBs. Since then it has made rapid strides. The SHG-BLP models of MC have evolved as an effective and successful model to extend credit to poor. In addition to SHG financing through banks, there are MFIs in India - not for profits MFIs and for profit MFIs. Though, MF is just a two decades old industry in India it has created impact in rural India as a poverty alleviation tool.
Findings: Socio-economic conditions of the respondents in terms of age, caste, religion, education, marital status, family income and housing conditions are some of the important variables that were examined.
Most of the respondents belonged to the age group 26-35 (39.1%) and 36-45 years (34.4%) i.e. the middle age group. Nearly all respondents were hindus. Most of the respondents belonged to schedule tribe (47.4%) and other backward community (30.7%). More than a third (39%) of the respondent women were illiterate. Hypothesis was tested that there is no relation between caste and education; however there is a significant relation between caste and education. Of the total women respondents 90 per cent were married. Almost all respondents said they have their own house. Most of the respondents have marginal land holding of less than one acre (45%) and 22 per cent have between 1 and 5 acres.. Majority of the respondents of Bhiwandi live in nuclear family (65.6%) and in Vada 68.8 per cent live in joint family. More than 50 per cent of the respondents in both the talukas reported that there was maximum of four members in the family and the balance reported the family size to be between 5 and 8. More than half the respondents in both talukas said they have one or two children. Majority of the respondents (60.4%) are labourers in both the talukas. Employment of husbands of respondents of Bhiwandi reported that nearly half of them are self employed. In case of Vada only 23 per cent were self employed. More than 50 per cent of house hold reported that agriculture is the main subsidiary employment. Most of the respondents (more than 92%) belonged to income group of Rs. 50,000/- per annum. Annual income of respondents revealed that more than 90 per cent have income in the range of Rs. 10,000/-. It was hypothesized that there is significant relationship between employment status of respondents and their income level. However it was found that there is no relation between employment status and income level. It is reported that all decisions are taken by both husband and wife jointly. It was hypothesized that there is significant relation between type of family and decision making. However analysis of data revealed that there is no relation between the type of family and decision making. It was hypothesized there is no significant relation between decision making and who spends the money. However, it was found that there is significant relationship between decision making and who is spending the money. Almost all houses had electricity in the house. Irrespective of the income by and large respondents have continued with dry toilets. More than 40 per cent of household have migrated to use of Gas Stoves. More than 60 per cent of houses had tap water facility. Majority (89%) of the respondents have 10 to 15 female members in their group. By 2004-05 nearly two-third of the respondents of Bhiwandi joined the group. In case of Vada this position was reached in 2006-07. Two-third of the respondents reported that they were self-motivated to join SHG. Agenda of the meeting is decided by group members. Two-third of the respondents reported that all members participate at decision making in the meetings. In the group meetings decisions are taken on the basis of consensus that emerges. Eighty five per cent respondents have savings of less than Rs. 100/-, others have savings in the range of Rs.101 to Rs. 200. Majority of the respondents mentioned social security (88.5%) as the main factor for saving. Nearly two-third respondents have a maximum of Rs. 10,000/- as bank balance. It was hypothesized that there is no significant relation between present saving and bank balance. However contrary to expectation there is significant relation between present savings and present bank balance. All respondents in both the talukas have received training. More than 80 per cent of trainers were Government Officials. Training progrmmes have enabled members to develop group activities, common decision making, skill development increasing income level and enhance confidence building. Majority of the respondents have received internal loans, bank loans as well as cash credit facility. Consumption loan dominates over micro financing. Emergencies accounted as the second major purpose of loan. Majority of the respondents reported that they have availed all the benefits of Government Schemes. Socio economic conditions of members have improved after joining SHGs. Their attitude towards health, hygiene, family planning and other decision making process have improved. SHGs have created positive attitudes of communities towards money matters. More than half the respondents reported that there is an interaction between Panchayats and SHGs for development purposes. The field survey reveals that more than half of the SHGs were promoted by NGOs, while 42.1 per cent were promoted by DBOs under Swarnajayanti Gramin Rojgar Yojana. Average size of an SHG was of 11 members. More than half of the respondents reported that group size have been stable while in 42.1 per cent cases, group size has decreased. In most of the cases meetings are called by group leaders and the proceedings in it are recorded by either group leaders or facilitators while decisions are taken by consensus. Revolving fund of Rs. 25,000 is given to SHGs to meet its credit needs and for its strengthening if grade I by the Banks. Most of the SHGs received bank loans. In most of the cases Bank account is mainly operated by President / Treasurer (73.7%) and bank transaction is generally made every month. Around 57 per cent members of SHGs have taken loans once only while 14.1 per cent have taken it more than once. Most of the respondents accepted that money received as interest on loan by the Group is added to group capital. Savings of Rs. 10-20 per month per member is collected and deposited in bank by members directly or through leaders on a fixed date. Savings is mainly done from income earnings or by curtailing their expenditure. Future and economic security are two important motivating factors for saving. The group activities are being audited monthly (73.7%) or annually (26.3%) by group facilitators (57.9%). Majority of the SHG’s members were aware of the basic services available to them. However, awareness regarding such services as pension scheme, importance of schooling of children, sanitation and drinking water facility etc. has been reported to be low. Development (100%), regular electricity supply (94.7%) drainage (89.5%) and roads (84.2%) were the main priority needs as per group’s leaders’ perception. Although it is important to initiate income generation activities only half of the SHGs have initiated such activities while the rest are in the process of commencing such activities. Majority (84.2%) of the respondents of SHGs reported that some members of groups have started income generating activities. All the members of groups are not active in terms of starting income generation activities and their proper management. Generally, old stabilized and active SHGs are able to initiate these activities and to ensure its sustainability while newly formed SHG’s are not able to start such activities. Importantly to operationalize the identified income generation activities, skill development of the targeted groups in various aspects of micro-enterprises is called for. Marketing, training, documentation and publicity are required for sustainable development of micro-economic enterprises. The leaders of SHGs reported training, obtaining government loan and marketing as main hindrance in the income generation activities.
The key issue of marketing is that the products must have local demand for which suitable consumer linkages are to be forged. The project functionaries have a major role to play in areas such as training need assessment, identification of trainers, organization of training, forging training linkages, organization of exposure visits etc. The project or NGO facilitators have to facilitate the SHGs in terms of imparting training, entrepreneurship development, skill up gradation, sustainable availability of raw materials, technology, audit and also in indentifying the marketing outlets and in making suitable linkages with them. The interaction between SHGs and Panchayats has been reported to be high (57.9%). More respondents (68.4%) reported that they have initiated community development in their group.
To sum up, SHG-BLP have created positive impact in the two talukas of Maharashtra and all Government benefits exceed costs to society. Socio-economic empowerment has been considered instrumental for holistic development. Women’s empowerment is obviously essential for raising their socio-economic status in the society. Recently, women’s empowerment has acquired an important place in government policy, non-government-advocacy and academic research.
Recommendations: Due to the pioneering efforts made by NABARD and the RBI in implementing SHG-BLP in rural India, MF scene in India has reached the take-off stage. Still urban areas need substantial help to fill the MF gap. Many models are operating in India but the need of the hour is innovative and forward-looking policies covering both rural and urban India. Financial innovation with financial inclusion policy is desirable.
To make MF more effective insurance and cash transfer services has to be strengthened in rural areas. As SHG-BLP is now a two-decade old programme, time has come to widen its scope. MF activities of banks are limited they simply are engaged in lending activity, MF is also saving, insurance and investment. Sadly these products are not being delivered so far. In most of rural India, people still borrow to meet their daily consumption and not to fund an income generating enterprise. To make MF more cost effective in bringing about the empowerment of women in terms of their finance, help them to earn, make them more aware of their rights, make them independent, which in turn will empower them; the following future strategies framework is suggested: Massive capacity building efforts by all stake holders e.g. Banks, NGOs, Panchayat, NABARD and Government Departments. Banks to own the SHG linked with them as their permanent client and nurture them to keep them in good health and sustain their activities. Graduate SHG members into Entrepreneurship. Give skill development training to improve work efficiency and develop quality products. Provide various training not only in production but also in marketing skills. Invest in women’s general education and literacy. Provide guidance to balance family and work responsibilities Provide a forum for dialogue on social and political issues, such as, women’s rights and community problems. Give women training in decision making, planning women’s ownership, control and participatory governance in MF programme. The basic principal behind the concept as explained by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan is “sustainable access to micro finance helps alleviate poverty by generating income, creating jobs, allowing children to go to school, enabling families to obtain healthcare and empowering people to make choices that best serve their needs.”
At present micro credit is a very powerful tool in rural India but presently there is a dearth of micro-insurance pioneers in the market, who can take care of the needs of the SHG members as they require composite insurance plans which takes care of their health. SHGs must have life risk coverage and hence it is desirable to evolve a suitable and affordable insurance product.
MC customer’s base in India is expected to increase from 76 million currently to 500 million in the next couple of years. Average loan size in India is $42 much below the global average of $995. Indians have the potential to get into the $500 bracket and beyond (as against $42) within a couple of years. This requires huge fund and organizational structure. There is need for creation of an autonomous and professionally managed national MF equity fund, with an initial subscription of Rs. 500 crore to Rs. 1000 crore. The RBI and NABARD should set up a permanent working group on MF to monitor and review the progress of resources and also undertake the capacity building initiative and facilitate establishing business incubation fund for providing venture capital. Venture capital as an important source of equity finance for MFIs has a long way to go in India. However, if the growth of the MF industry is sustainable more venture capital firms may invest in India. Venture capital can play an important role in financial inclusion and women development.
One of the major issues of MC is high rate of interest charged to SHG members - which is as high as 24 to 36 per cent - which is very high by any standard. Many researchers and operational people of MC feel it is not possible to lower interest rate. In addition the transaction costs in terms of the number of trips to be made to bank, documents to be completed and furnished supplements the increasing cost of working, which itself is high. The prohibitive interest rate structure needs to be relooked for SHG financing. What they need is lower and stable rate of interest structure. Thus policy makers need to understand that poor can save much, they are unable to repay loans because of the high interest rates.
Looking at the huge financial requirement of the rural poor, the other alterative for an MFI is to become a co-operative or company form of organization. In most states co-operatives are political and state controlled and thus not an appropriate form of incorporation for an MFI. That leaves an MFI with the choice to be incorporated as a company and then become an NBFC or a Bank. The latter requires license and minimum start up equity of Rs. 100 crore, which is difficult for an MFI to mobilize. The total demand for MF from the poor is estimated at around Rs. 50,000 crore. The present supply is estimated to be around Rs. 32,000 crore thus, meeting their 50 per cent of the demand. There is enough space for other players to come in to fill the gap and support the formal sector. It is expected that we may have greater urban population, than rural, by 2022. The Indian MF movement has been focused in rural areas; there has been a comparative neglect of the urban poor. It is estimated that the total urban demand for MF credit is over Rs. 22,000 crore annually. Of late, some Banks and MFI’s have entered into MF but this is not adequate looking at the demand. There is need for a separate urban MF structure. The most significant challenge is, what could be the alternative institutional design, for providing finance, to the informal sector in urban areas?
Future Areas of Research: § NABARD can involve banks who finance SHGs for conducting the survey and compile data at state and all India level. § Need to evolve new MFIs organized structure to cover urban area. § More area of financial innovation need to be studied for research and appropriate strategy for implementations. § To re-look the development and poverty alleviation programmes of India as a whole. § To undertake a study on serving units and also to examine issue on closed SHGs and stability norms. § NABARD should prepare guidelines for areas of research and invite academicians for discussion to understand the areas of average of various planned research on MF which has policy implications.
Last Updated (Monday, 24 December 2012 15:49)
Wednesday, 22 August 2012 00:06 |
| |
Industrial VisitBMS Department will organise an Industrial Visit (Outstation) to Rajasthan (Ranthambhore - Jaipur - Jaisalmer - Jodhpur), from 9 - 17 Dec 2012. It is compulsory for all BMS students. BMS alumnae can join the trip at the cost of Rs. 9200/-.
|
news
 workshop on poetry appreciation 001.jpg | [ ] | 3012 Kb |